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The practice of emergency care in the out-of-hospital setting is ever-changing and evolving. As practice experience and research expand our knowledge base, changes in prehospital practice and the care provided may be necessary. It is the responsibility of every prehospital care provider to determine the most appropriate management for any given patient in accordance with their training, scope of practice, and local procedures and protocols. To the extent allowed by law, the publisher and authors do not assume any liability for any injury or damage to any patient or person as a result of information obtained from this educational program.